دامین(دامنه) چیست؟

شما برای راه اندازی سایت خود(شخصی فروشگاه گالریو...) نیاز به یک دامنه دارید. مثالی از دامنه می توان به yourdomain.com اشاره کردکه در روزمره چنین فرمی را چندین و چند بار در تلویزیون روزنامه مجله بنر های تبلیغاتی دیده اید.برای داتن یک دامنه مختص به خود مختص به خود و یا شرکتتان نیاز به ثبت آن دامنه دارید. دامنه دارای دوقسمت می باشد بالاترین سطح دامنه (Top Level Domian, TLD) که شامل دامنه های محبوب com, org, net  که به ترتیب بیانگر commercial, organization, network می باشد و بعد از ان بالاترین سطح دامنه کد کشور که شامل دامنه هایی نظیر ir,us  می باشد
پس از تصمیم گیری درباره اینکه کدام یک از این سطوح بالایی نام دامنه را برای خود بر می گزینید نوبت به انتخاب نام برای سطح بعدی یعنی دوم می رسد. فرض کنیم شما دامنه سطح بالای com را که محبوبترین نام دامنه سطح بالا می باشد را برای خود برگزیدید.حال باید سطح دوم دامنه دا در صورتی که شخص دیگری آن را ثبت نکرده باشد انتخاب کنید.
درواقع سطح دوم قسمتیست که شامل نام دامنه شما می باشد و مهمترین قسمت می باشد. ما در مثال بالا متغیر yourdomain را که بیانگر هر دامنه ای که شما انتخاب خواهید کرد می باشد. د انتخاب این نام دقت کامل را به عمل بیاورید زیرا که این نام بیانگر برند و نامی که بر روی شبکه اینترنت از شما نشان داده خواهد شد می باشد.
در انتخاب نام دامنه چند نکته وجود دارئ که در هنگام ثبت باید به آن ها دقت کنید
-    اول اینکه نام ئامنه می توانئ شامل تمام حروف لاتین (a-z) با حرف کوچک باشد
-    می تواند شامل تمامی اعداد (0,12,…8,9) باشد
-    می تواند شامل خط فاصله تیره (-) باشد
-    یک دامنه نمی تواند شامل خط فاصله سفید باشد
-    یک دامنه نمی تواند شامل نقطه(.) باشد زیرا که هر نقطه به عنوان یک متمایزگر سطح می باشد
-    یک دامنه نمی تواند هیچگونه از اشکال از قبیل) (%,$,#,@,^,% را بپذیرد
پس از انتخاب نام دامنه (در صورتی که شخص دیگری آن را ثبت نکرده باشد) نوبت به ثبت آن می رسد و ما آن دامنه تان را در کمتر از 1 دقیقه برایتان ثبت خواهیم کرد
همچنین در این بین ما تنها نقش ثبت دامنه تان را بر عهده گرفته ایم و هرگونه مالکیت و مسئولیت در قبال آن دامنه را کاملا به شما واگزار می کنیم




تعریف برای اشخاص حرفه ای
یک دامین (دامنه) یک برچسب مشخصه که قلمرو اختیار(کنترل)  شما را بر اساس (Domain Name System) سیستم نام دامین در اینترنت را مشخص می کند.نام دامنه(Domain Name) دز زمینه های متنوع ایجاد ارتباط در شبکه و برنامه های مخصوص جهت انام دهی و آدرس دهی استفاده می شوند.دامنه ها بر اساس تبعیت از سیستم سطح بندی از شاخه اصلی DNS دامین سازماندهی می شوند.اولین سطح نام دامنه (Top Level Domain, TLD) هستند که شامل (General Top Level Domian, GTLD) مانند دامین های محبوب COM, NetوORG و بعد از آنها (Country Code TLD, ccTLD) مانند.ir,.us و غیره می شوند.
در پایینتر از دامنه سطح بالا که با یک نقطه جدا سازس می شوند نام دامنه سطح 2 و 3  مانند yourdomain.com  و blog.yourdomian.com هستندکه برای کاربرانی که می خواهند از شبکه داخلی خود متصل شوند و یا یک وب سایت راه اندازی کنند یا یک منبه اطلاعاتی را برای عموم قرار بدهند قابل رزرو و ثبت نام هستند.ثبت نام این دامنه ها معمولا توسط Domain Name Registrars ها کسانی که سرویسشان را برای عموم ارائه می دهند مدیریت می شود.
سرور های میزبانی به طور منحصر به فرد از نام دامنه برای تعیین هویت و مکان هاست استفاده می کنند.
هدف عمده ی استفاده از نام دامنه برای فراهم اوردن شیوه ی نام های آسان در بخاطر سپردن و قابل تشخیص بودن هر تعداد پایگاه اینترنتی بوده است
این نوع انتزاع به تمامی منابع (مانند وب سایت) این قابلیت را می دهد تا دامنه شان را به هر منطقه فیزیکی دلخواه در توپولوژی شبکه به طور محلی(Interanet) و یا چهانی (Internet) جابهجا کنند.
چنین انتقالی نیازمند تغییر آدرس   IP یک منبع و ترجمه مشابه این IP به آن و شکلدهی نام دامنه است.
نام دامنه معمولا به طور خلاصه دامنه نامیده می شود و ثبت نام کنندگان دامنه (Domain Name Registrars) هیچگونه مالکی قانونی درباره ی دامنه به ثبت رسانیده شده ندارند

* .ad is a ccTLD for Andorra, but has recently been increasingly used by advertising agencies or classified advertising.
* .ag is a ccTLD for Antigua and Barbuda and is sometimes used for agricultural sites. In Germany, AG (short for Aktiengesellschaft) is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
* .am is a ccTLD for Armenia, but is often used for AM radio stations, or for domain hacks (such as .i.am).
* .as is a ccTLD for American Samoa. In Denmark and Norway, AS is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA. In Czech Republic, the joint stock corporation a.s. abbreviation stands for Akciová společnost.
* .at is a ccTLD for Austria but is used for English words ending in eat (e.at).
* .be is a ccTLD for Belgium, but is sometimes used for the literal term "be" and the Swiss Canton of Bern.
* .by is a ccTLD for Belarus, but is sometimes used in Germany, as "BY" is the official abbreviation of the state Bayern.
* .cc is a ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling) Islands but is used for a wide variety of sites such as community colleges, especially before such institutions were allowed to use .edu.
* .cd is a ccTLD for Democratic Republic of Congo but is used for CD merchants and file sharing sites.
* .ck is a ccTLD for Cook Islands was notably abused in Chris Morris's Nathan Barley by preceding it with ".co" in order to spell out the word cock (.co.ck as in trashbat.co.ck).
* .dj is a ccTLD for Djibouti but is used for CD merchants and disc jockeys.
* .fm is a ccTLD for the Federated States of Micronesia but it is often used for FM radio stations (and even non-FM stations, such as internet radio stations).
* .gg is a ccTLD for Guernsey but it is often used by the gaming and gambling industry, particularly in relation to horse racing and online poker.
* .im is a ccTLD for the Isle of Man but is often used by instant messaging programs and services.
* .in is a ccTLD for India but is widely used in the internet industry.
* .it is a ccTLD for Italy but is used in domain hacks (e.g. .has.it).
* .je is a ccTLD for Jersey but is often used as a diminutive in Dutch (e.g. "huis.je"), as "you" ("zoek.je" = "search you!"), or as "I" in French (e.g. "moi.je")
* .la is a ccTLD for Laos but is marketed as the TLD for Los Angeles.
* .li is a ccTLD for Liechtenstein but is marketed as the TLD for Long Island.
* .lv is a ccTLD for Latvia but is also used to abbreviate Las Vegas or less frequently, love.
* .ly is a ccTLD for Libya but is also used for words ending with suffix "ly".
* .md is a ccTLD for Moldova, but is marketed to the medical industry (as in "medical domain" or "medical doctor").
* .me is a ccTLD for Montenegro, and is recently opened to individuals.
* .ms is a ccTLD for Montserrat, but is also used by Microsoft for such projects as popfly.ms.
* .mu is a ccTLD for Mauritius, but is used within the music industry.
* .ni is a ccTLD for Nicaragua, but is occasionally adopted by companies from Northern Ireland, particularly to distinguish from the more usual .uk within all parts of the United Kingdom
* .nu is a ccTLD for Niue but marketed as resembling "new" in English and "now" in Scandinavian/Dutch. Also meaning "nude" in French/Portuguese.
* .pr is a ccTLD for Puerto Rico, but can be used in the meaning of "Public Relations"
* .sc is a ccTLD for Seychelles but is often used as .Source
* .sh is a ccTLD for Saint Helena, but is also sometimes used for entities connected to the German Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein or the Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen.
* .si is a ccTLD for Slovenia, but is also used by Hispanic sites as "yes" ("sí"). Mexican mayor candidate Jorge Arana, for example, had his web site registered as http://www.jorgearana.si (i.e. "Jorge Arana, sí", meaning Jorge Arana, yes").
* .sr is a ccTLD for Suriname but is marketed as being for "seniors".
* .st is a ccTLD for São Tomé and Príncipe but is being marketed worldwide as an abbreviation for various things including "street".
* .tk is a ccTLD for Tokelau but is bought by someone and given away at dot.tk page
* .tm is a ccTLD for Turkmenistan but it can be used as "Trade Mark"
* .to is a ccTLD for Tonga but is often used as the English word "to", like "go.to"; also is marketed as the TLD for Toronto.
* .tv is a ccTLD for Tuvalu but it is used for the television ("TV") / entertainment industry purposes.
* .vg is a ccTLD for British Virgin Islands but is sometimes used to abbreviate Video games
* .vu is a ccTLD for Vanuatu but means "seen" in French as well as an abbreviation for the English language word "view".
* .ws is a ccTLD for Samoa (earlier Western Samoa), but is marketed as .Website



* .ad is a ccTLD for Andorra, but has recently been increasingly used by advertising agencies or classified advertising.
* .ag is a ccTLD for Antigua and Barbuda and is sometimes used for agricultural sites. In Germany, AG (short for Aktiengesellschaft) is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
* .am is a ccTLD for Armenia, but is often used for AM radio stations, or for domain hacks (such as .i.am).
* .as is a ccTLD for American Samoa. In Denmark and Norway, AS is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA. In Czech Republic, the joint stock corporation a.s. abbreviation stands for Akciová společnost.
* .at is a ccTLD for Austria but is used for English words ending in eat (e.at).
* .be is a ccTLD for Belgium, but is sometimes used for the literal term "be" and the Swiss Canton of Bern.
* .by is a ccTLD for Belarus, but is sometimes used in Germany, as "BY" is the official abbreviation of the state Bayern.
* .cc is a ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling) Islands but is used for a wide variety of sites such as community colleges, especially before such institutions were allowed to use .edu.
* .cd is a ccTLD for Democratic Republic of Congo but is used for CD merchants and file sharing sites.
* .ck is a ccTLD for Cook Islands was notably abused in Chris Morris's Nathan Barley by preceding it with ".co" in order to spell out the word cock (.co.ck as in trashbat.co.ck).
* .dj is a ccTLD for Djibouti but is used for CD merchants and disc jockeys.
* .fm is a ccTLD for the Federated States of Micronesia but it is often used for FM radio stations (and even non-FM stations, such as internet radio stations).
* .gg is a ccTLD for Guernsey but it is often used by the gaming and gambling industry, particularly in relation to horse racing and online poker.
* .im is a ccTLD for the Isle of Man but is often used by instant messaging programs and services.
* .in is a ccTLD for India but is widely used in the internet industry.
* .it is a ccTLD for Italy but is used in domain hacks (e.g. .has.it).
* .je is a ccTLD for Jersey but is often used as a diminutive in Dutch (e.g. "huis.je"), as "you" ("zoek.je" = "search you!"), or as "I" in French (e.g. "moi.je")
* .la is a ccTLD for Laos but is marketed as the TLD for Los Angeles.
* .li is a ccTLD for Liechtenstein but is marketed as the TLD for Long Island.
* .lv is a ccTLD for Latvia but is also used to abbreviate Las Vegas or less frequently, love.
* .ly is a ccTLD for Libya but is also used for words ending with suffix "ly".
* .md is a ccTLD for Moldova, but is marketed to the medical industry (as in "medical domain" or "medical doctor").
* .me is a ccTLD for Montenegro, and is recently opened to individuals.
* .ms is a ccTLD for Montserrat, but is also used by Microsoft for such projects as popfly.ms.
* .mu is a ccTLD for Mauritius, but is used within the music industry.
* .ni is a ccTLD for Nicaragua, but is occasionally adopted by companies from Northern Ireland, particularly to distinguish from the more usual .uk within all parts of the United Kingdom
* .nu is a ccTLD for Niue but marketed as resembling "new" in English and "now" in Scandinavian/Dutch. Also meaning "nude" in French/Portuguese.
* .pr is a ccTLD for Puerto Rico, but can be used in the meaning of "Public Relations"
* .sc is a ccTLD for Seychelles but is often used as .Source
* .sh is a ccTLD for Saint Helena, but is also sometimes used for entities connected to the German Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein or the Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen.
* .si is a ccTLD for Slovenia, but is also used by Hispanic sites as "yes" ("sí"). Mexican mayor candidate Jorge Arana, for example, had his web site registered as http://www.jorgearana.si (i.e. "Jorge Arana, sí", meaning Jorge Arana, yes").
* .sr is a ccTLD for Suriname but is marketed as being for "seniors".
* .st is a ccTLD for São Tomé and Príncipe but is being marketed worldwide as an abbreviation for various things including "street".
* .tk is a ccTLD for Tokelau but is bought by someone and given away at dot.tk page
* .tm is a ccTLD for Turkmenistan but it can be used as "Trade Mark"
* .to is a ccTLD for Tonga but is often used as the English word "to", like "go.to"; also is marketed as the TLD for Toronto.
* .tv is a ccTLD for Tuvalu but it is used for the television ("TV") / entertainment industry purposes.
* .vg is a ccTLD for British Virgin Islands but is sometimes used to abbreviate Video games
* .vu is a ccTLD for Vanuatu but means "seen" in French as well as an abbreviation for the English language word "view".
* .ws is a ccTLD for Samoa (earlier Western Samoa), but is marketed as .Website